Ethylene oxide (C₂H₄O), a colorless, flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor, is a highly reactive epoxide critical to modern industrial and medical applications. It is primarily used for the cryogenic sterilization of disposable syringes, endoscopes, and pacemakers. With a boiling point of 10.4°C, it transitions to a liquid below this temperature, exhibiting excellent miscibility with water, ethanol, and ether. Its explosive range (3–100% in air) and carcinogenicity (Class 1B per IARC) necessitate stringent handling under NFPA 704 protocols (Health 4, Flammability 3). Supplied in ISO-certified cylinders or nitrogen-diluted blends.
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